A Throne and A Footstool of God

“The person who combines spiritual knowledge with the practice of the virtues is a throne and a footstool of God. A throne because of his spiritual knowledge and a footstool because of his ascetic practices. And the human intellect, purified of all material images, and occupied, or, rather adorned with the divine principles of the noetic world, is a heaven itself.
“When any philosopher – any devout philosopher – fortified with virtue and spiritual knowledge, or with ascetic practice and contemplation, sees the power of evil rising up against him through the passions like the king of the Assyrians rising up against Hezekiah, he is aware that only with God’s help can he escape. He invokes God’s mercy by crying out silently and by striving to advance still further in virtue and knowledge; and he receives as an ally, or rather as his salvation, an Angel that is one of the higher principles of Wisdom and Knowledge.
“Every passion has its origin in the corresponding sensible object. For without some object to attract the powers of the soul through the medium of the senses, no passion would ever be generated. Without food, there is no gluttony; without gold, there is no love of money, and so on.”
–St. Maximos (in The Philokalia)
Spiritual Knowledge With Practice of Virtue
I believe that what St. Maximos (or Maximus) is trying to say here is that spiritual knowledge alone doesn’t make one an enlightened person, especially if we are talking about the limited kind of spiritual knowledge that comes from books, or listening to lectures. We must put that spiritual knowledge to use and practice spiritual development techniques to truly gain anything from it.
A Throne Because of Spiritual Knowledge
St. Maximos seems to be saying that anyone who has gained spiritual knowledge is a throne of God. That is true only of those who have achieved the very advanced stage of spiritual development and have gained the high level of Knowledge known as Gnosis. They are thrones of God in an allegorical sense because they have reached the high level of consciousness that permits them to communicate directly with God, at least some of the time.
A Footstool of God
As the photo used to illustrate this post shows, footstools, and thrones are often together, a set like a modern easy chair and hassock (or ottoman). Maximos says those advanced spiritual students are like a footstool of God because of their “ascetic practices”. I think it is more accurate to say that such spiritual adepts are footstools as well as thrones because they have true humility, not thinking of themselves as better than other people because of their advanced spiritual state.
Power of Evil Rising
It is true that spiritual students must watch for the powers of Evil (or darkness) rising in them and trying to take control. Each day, usually just before going to sleep, it is recommended that the students ask themselves if they did a good job of avoiding darkness that day. Did they get angry with someone? Did they get jealous or envious? If so, they should make note of it and try to do better. Did they become attached to material goods or property? If so, they need to work on that, or possibly get rid of the item they are becoming too attached too. That doesn’t mean we can’t have property, we simply must avoid attachments. St. Maximos refers to asceticism, but that is because the book the quote comes from is a training guide for monks in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Passions and Objects
St. Maximos goes on to tell us that passions are always related to a “sensible object”, sensible meaning from the world of the six senses, the realm of matter. He gives a few examples that make sense. It should be noted, however, that people can become passionate about something they don’t actually have, but dream of having. It may not even be something that actually exists, but something they would like to exist. It should also be noted that passion isn’t always a bad thing. We can be passionate about our spiritual development, and that is good. We can be passionate about teaching others to develop their spiritual Self, and that is good as well. So we need not avoid all passions, just the type that leads to attachment to material things.








