
A bust of Virgil from his tomb at Naples, Italy. PHOTO A. Hunter Wright
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As fate had it, the promising peace of Brundisium proved to be illusory and the promising boy-child which Virgil expected did not appear: if that child were to have been the child of Octavian, that child was born Julia, a girl; if one of the boys fathered by Pollios himself, one died at birth and the other was starved to death by order of Tiberius; if the promising young nephew of Octavian, Marcellus, he died unexpectedly before reaching manhood, a death that is pathetically alluded to in book six of the Aeneid.
The void in Virgil’s prophecy remained to be fulfilled in a future century. In 339 C.E. Emperor Constantine’s bishop of Caesarea, Eusebius, perhaps believing himself to be in time near the mid-point of the expected one-thousand-year Golden Age, identified the Divine Child with Christ Jesus (Oration in Praise of Constantine, chapters 19–20). Many Christians since Eusebius have made the same identification and thus made Virgil into the gentile prophet of Christ. By the Middle Ages, the poetic works of Virgil were considered to be an oraclular engine of unlimited signification by the Christian populace: Christian consultants opened Virgil’s text at random and interpreted the first verse they chanced upon in relation to their present situation in a process of divination called by them sortes Vergilianae. Modern commentators have tended to approach Virgil in less haphazard fashion, but the variety of their interpretations continue to attest to the poet’s oracular appeal.
In 1907, after centuries of speculation, three British scholars published their excellent thoughts on what they had found behind the prophetic image embedded in Virgil’s Fourth Eclogue (SEE Virgil’s Messianic Eclogue: Its Meaning, Occasion & Sources). A century of historical and literary clarifications followed. To the discoveries of these three, I now add a discovery of my own: The Divine Child who would fulfill the original intention of the Jewish oracle was born, not around 40 B.C.E., as Virgil had hoped, nor around the turn of the first millennium, as medieval Christians believed, but in the year 1959 of our own age (SEE Jamil: Child of Light).
Robert Petrovich
March 2011
REFERENCES
Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old testament, Volume Two: Pseudepigrapha, R.H. Charles, ed. (Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK, 1913)
Link to Apocryphile Press facsimile edition, 2004 (SEE pp. 369-406) HERE.
Jamil: Child of Light, Gene Savoy (1973)
For ebook, click HERE.
For printed text, click HERE.
“The Life of Virgil,” Suetonius Tranquillus (second century B.C.E.)
To link to this article online, click HERE.
Virgil’s Messianic Eclogue: Its Meaning, Occasion & Sources; Three Studies by Joseph B. Mayor, W. Warde Fowler, and R.S. Conway; with the Text of the Eclogue, and a Verse Translation, R.S. Conway (London: John Murray, 1907)
To link to this book online, click HERE.